where ν is the frequency in cycles per second. In other words, one can add or subtract
E = nhν of energy where n ≥ 0. The second quantum effect stems from the fact that if an oscillator were
able to come completely to rest, ∆x would be zero and this would violate the ∆x∆p ≥ ¯h/2 limitation. The
4result is that there is a minimum energy of E = hν /2, i.e. the oscillator energy can only take on the values
E = (n + 1/2)hν which can never become zero since n cannot be negative. Louis J.

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At a time when the Cassandras of finance are looking like realists, there is no gloomier prophet than Kevin Phillips. The author of 13 previous books including at least one classic, “The Emerging Republican Majority,” Mr. Phillips sees a perfect economic storm coming. http://louis-j-sheehan.net/
The final pages of his bleak new book, “Bad Money,” tell of an “unprecedented” number of Americans planning to leave the country or thinking about it. Readers of “Bad Money” may come away with a similar

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